Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: ESRP2 constrains EMT plasticity associated with ZEB1 expression in bladder cancer

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1764850

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of bladder cancer cell lines along the EMT spectrum. (A) Light microscope photographs of cells showing the morphology of RT-4, 5637, T-24, and UM-UC-3 cell lines. Images were acquired with scale bars of 200 µm (upper panel) and 100 µm (lower panel). (B, D) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. (C, E) Representative immunoblots showing protein expression levels of indicated markers. ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Cell lines 5637, RT-4, T-24, and UM-UC-3 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: Light Microscopy, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: ButterflyVI: enabling high-throughput variant interpretation and biomarker discovery with functional genomics

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.20.700339

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , Summary plot of ElasticNet biomarkers of druggable genes. Each point shows a biomarker shared between CRISPR and RNAi datasets that was selected at least 5 times out of 10 ElasticNet runs, had a mean coefficient greater in absolute value than .05 and exhibit the same effect direction in both datasets. A negative weighted mean ElasticNet score indicates sensitivity, whereas a positive score indicates resistance. B–D. MDM2 ( B ) and MDM4 ( C ) dependency scores, and MDM2 mRNA expression ( D ) in cell lines classified by RPL5 status: wild type (or carrying a neutral mutation) versus carrying a functional mutation (as defined by OncoKB or ButterflyVI). E , Relative expression of RPL5 in cells transfected with control siRNA (siCtrl), GAPDH siRNA (siGAPDH), or RPL5 siRNA (siRPL5). Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Differences between groups were evaluated using an unpaired Student’s t-test. The level of statistical significance is indicated by asterisks: ns, not significant (P > 0.05); ** P ≤ 0.01; * P ≤ 0.05. F , Cellular viability in response to DMSO (control) or Nutlin-3a treatment at varying doses in RT-4 (left) and KU-19-19 (right) models. Cellular viability is expressed as a percentage. Each point represents a single experimental data point (replicate). The colored lines indicate the mean viability for each knockdown condition (siCtrl, siGAPDH, siRPL5). The shaded bands represent the standard error of the mean (SEM).

Article Snippet: The human bladder cancer cell lines KU-19-19 and RT-4 (ACC 395 and ACC 412; DSMZ) were cultured in RPMI 1640, GlutaMAX (Gibco, 61870010) supplemented with 10% FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, A5256701) and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 15070063) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, CRISPR, Expressing, Mutagenesis, Functional Assay, Transfection, Control, Knockdown

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: ButterflyVI: enabling high-throughput variant interpretation and biomarker discovery with functional genomics

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.20.700339

Figure Lengend Snippet: A-B , Dose response curves to control DMSO ( A ) or Nutlin-3a ( B ) treatment on RT-4 and KU-19-19 models. Cellular viability is expressed as a percentage relative to the untreated control. Each data point represents a single experimental data point (replicate). The blue line shows the fit of the four-parameter log-logistic model. The light blue shaded band represents the 95% confidence interval for the model. The vertical red dashed line indicates the calculated IC50, and the pink shaded band represents the 95% confidence interval for the IC50 value. The specific IC50 value and its confidence interval are indicated on the graph. C , Relative expression of GAPDH in cells transfected with control siRNA (siCtrl), GAPDH siRNA (siGAPDH), or RPL5 siRNA (siRPL5). Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Differences between groups were evaluated using an unpaired Student’s t-test. The level of statistical significance is indicated by asterisks: ns, not significant (P > 0.05); ** P ≤ 0.01; * P ≤ 0.05.

Article Snippet: The human bladder cancer cell lines KU-19-19 and RT-4 (ACC 395 and ACC 412; DSMZ) were cultured in RPMI 1640, GlutaMAX (Gibco, 61870010) supplemented with 10% FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, A5256701) and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 15070063) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2.

Techniques: Control, Expressing, Transfection